Modelling bend limitersīend limiters can be represented in OrcaFlex by nonlinear bend stiffness with End force Ezx angle is the component in the local $xz$ plane end force Ezy angle is that in the local $yz$ plane. For cases where the bellmouth is not radially symmetrical, OrcaFlex reports components of end force angle in the local $xz$ and $yz$ planes. The principal design requirement is that the bellmouth angle should be greater than the maximum value of end force Ez angle. Modelling a bellmouthĪ bellmouth is represented in OrcaFlex by a curved plate. A bend stiffener is a bend restrictor that provides increased bend stiffness in order to distribute the bending more widely. A bend limiter is a bend restrictor that has no effect below a certain curvature, but prevents curvature from exceeding that value. A bellmouth is a bend restrictor in the form of a curved surface which provides support and limits curvature.
A bend restrictor is any device that controls, restricts or limits bending on a line.
We begin by introducing some terminology.
